sublingual administration การใช้

• Recently, new technologies have allowed sublingual administration of such molecules.
• Sublingual administration has certain advantages over oral administration.
• Almost any form of substance may be amenable to sublingual administration if it dissolves easily in saliva.
• In contrast to intravenous and sublingual administration, the terminal half-life of estradiol is 13 to 20 hours with oral administration.
• Some are absorbed quickly through the mouth ( see Sublingual administration ), whilst others are absorbed much more slowly through the stomach ."
• Although sublingual administration of estradiol has a relatively short duration, the drug can be administered multiple times per day in divided doses to compensate for this.
• A relatively new way of administration of therapeutic peptides and proteins ( such as cytokines, domain antibodies, Fab fragments or single chain antibodies ) is sublingual administration.
• Absolute bioavailability compares the bioavailability of the active drug in systemic circulation following non-intravenous subcutaneous, or sublingual administration ), with the bioavailability of the same drug following intravenous administration.
• The rapid and steep fall in estradiol levels with sublingual administration is analogous to the case of intravenous administration of the hormone, in which there is a rapid distribution phase of 6 minutes and terminal disposition phase of only 1 to 2 hours.
• For instance, although daily intranasal administration of estradiol ( which, similarly to sublingual administration, produces extremely high peak levels of estradiol followed by a rapid fall in estradiol levels ) is associated in postmenopausal women with comparable clinical effectiveness ( e . g ., for hot flashes ) relative to longer acting routes of estradiol administration, it is also associated with significantly lower rates of breast tension ( tenderness and enlargement ) relative to longer acting estradiol routes, and this is thought to reflect comparatively diminished non-genomic signaling.